Ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwaukadaulo wamafakitale ndi chitukuko, njira zopangira makina zasintha pang'onopang'ono kupanga m'magawo ena opanga, makamaka m'makampani opanga.Chifukwa cha malo apadera ogwiritsira ntchito zigawo zina zofunika, monga kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu, kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa magawo, khalidwe la magawo liyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera, yomwe imayika patsogolo zofunikira zapamwamba za makina apamwamba.Machining khalidwe makamaka wapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri: Machining molondola ndi Machining pamwamba khalidwe.Pokhapokha poyang'anira mosamala maulalo awiri ofunikira mu Machining, momwe makina amagwirira ntchito angayendetsedwe bwino komanso mtundu wazinthu zamakina zimafika pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. Kutanthauzira kwa khalidwe la makina
Machining khalidwe makamaka zikuphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: Machining kulondola ndi Machining pamwamba khalidwe, amene amakhudzidwa ndi khalidwe la geometry ndi zinthu motero.
1.1 mtundu wa geometry pakupanga makina, mtundu wa geometry udzakhudza kulondola kwa makina.Ubwino wa geometric umatanthawuza cholakwika cha geometric pakati pa zinthu zomwe zili pamtunda ndi mawonekedwe popanga makina.Zimaphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: zolakwika za macro geometry ndi zolakwika za geometry.Nthawi zambiri, chiyerekezo cha kutalika kwa mafunde ndi kutalika kwa cholakwika cha macro geometry ndichokwera kuposa 1000. Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa mafunde ndi kutalika kwa mafunde ndi osakwana 50.
1.2 khalidwe la zipangizo mu Machining, khalidwe la zipangizo amatanthauza kusintha kwa khalidwe la katundu thupi nawo wosanjikiza pamwamba mankhwala makina ndi masanjidwewo, amatchedwanso processing kusinthidwa wosanjikiza.Mu ndondomeko ya Machining, khalidwe la zipangizo zidzakhudza khalidwe pamwamba, amene makamaka zimasonyeza ntchito kuumitsa wosanjikiza pamwamba ndi kusintha kwa metallographic dongosolo pamwamba wosanjikiza.Pakati pawo, ntchito kuumitsa pamwamba wosanjikiza amatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa kuuma pamwamba wosanjikiza zitsulo zopangidwa makina mankhwala chifukwa mapindikidwe pulasitiki ndi kutsetsereka pakati pa mbewu pa Machining.Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zitatu ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakuwunika kuuma kwa makina azinthu zamakina, zomwe ndi kulimba kwachitsulo pamwamba, kuuma kwakuya ndi digiri yowumitsa.Kusintha kwa metallographic kapangidwe ka pamwamba wosanjikiza amatanthauza kusintha kwa metallographic kapangidwe ka zitsulo pamwamba pa makina mankhwala chifukwa cha zochita kudula kutentha Machining.
2. Zokhudza zinthu za Machining quality
M'kati mwa Machining, Machining mavuto khalidwe makamaka kudula pamwamba roughness ndi akupera pamwamba roughness.Kawirikawiri, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa makina amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zinthu za geometric ndi thupi.
2.1 kudula pamwamba roughness mu Machining, vuto khalidwe kudula roughness pamwamba makamaka zikuphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: zinthu geometric ndi zinthu thupi.Zina mwazo, zinthu za geometric zimaphatikizapo mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota, ngodya yokhotakhota, kudula chakudya ndi zina zotero, pomwe zinthu zakuthupi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zogwirira ntchito, liwiro lodulira, chakudya ndi zina zotero.Mu Machining, zipangizo ductile ntchito workpiece processing, zitsulo plasticity wa zipangizo sachedwa mapindikidwe, ndipo pamwamba machined adzakhala akhakula.Choncho, pofuna kuchepetsa roughness pamwamba ndi kusintha ntchito kudula ntchito sing'anga mpweya zitsulo ndi otsika mpweya zitsulo workpiece zipangizo ndi toughness wabwino, ndi zofunika kuchita quenching ndi tempering mankhwala pakati pomaliza.
Pamene Machining zipangizo pulasitiki, kudula liwiro adzakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa machined pamwamba roughness.Liwiro lodula likafika pamlingo wina, kuthekera kwa kupindika kwa pulasitiki kwachitsulo kumakhala kotsika, ndipo kuuma kwapamwamba kumakhala kocheperako.
Poyang'anira magawo odulira, kuchepetsa chakudya kumatha kuchepetsa kuuma kwapamwamba pamlingo wina.Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuli kochepa kwambiri, kuuma kwapamwamba kumawonjezeka;Pokhapokha poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'pamene kungachepetse kuuma kwa pamwamba.
2.2 akupera pamwamba roughness mu ndondomeko Machining, ndi akupera pamwamba chifukwa cha kugoletsa abrasive njere pa gudumu kugaya.Ambiri, ngati kwambiri mchenga njere kudutsa unit m`dera workpiece, m'pamenenso zipsera pa workpiece, ndi mizere ya zokopa pa workpiece zimakhudza pamwamba roughness akupera.Ngati mizere ya mphako pa workpiece ndi yabwino, pamwamba roughness akupera adzakhala otsika.Komanso, thupi zinthu zimene zimakhudza roughness pamwamba akupera ndi akupera magawo ndi zina zotero.Mu Machining, ndi akupera gudumu liwiro zingakhudze akupera pamwamba roughness, pamene workpiece liwiro ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa akupera pamwamba roughness.Liwiro liwiro akupera gudumu, m'pamenenso chiwerengero cha abrasive particles pa unit dera workpiece mu unit nthawi, ndi ang'onoang'ono padziko roughness.Poyerekeza ndi liwiro akupera gudumu, ngati liwiro workpiece amakhala mofulumira, chiwerengero cha mbewu abrasive kudutsa machined pamwamba workpiece mu unit nthawi adzakhala zochepa, ndi roughness pamwamba adzakhala ziwonjezeke.Komanso, pamene longitudinal chakudya mlingo wa gudumu akupera ndi laling'ono kuposa m'lifupi mwa gudumu akupera, pamwamba pa workpiece adzadulidwa mobwerezabwereza, roughness workpiece adzachuluka, ndi roughness pamwamba pa workpiece adzachepa.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-24-2021